{"id":8546,"date":"2024-11-01T11:13:41","date_gmt":"2024-11-01T14:13:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/?p=8546"},"modified":"2024-11-04T00:17:31","modified_gmt":"2024-11-04T03:17:31","slug":"artigo-de-opiniao-regimes-internacionais-de-meio-ambiente-o-brics-e-os-desafios-frente-as-mudancas-climaticas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/?p=8546","title":{"rendered":"ARTIGO DE OPINI\u00c3O| Regimes Internacionais de Meio Ambiente: o BRICS e os desafios frente \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8546\" class=\"elementor elementor-8546\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-571a60cc elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"571a60cc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36409466\" data-id=\"36409466\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e5f18b1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e5f18b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.2 - 04-04-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"right\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Autor: Mateus de S\u00e1 Barreto Barros\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"right\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Curador Auxiliar da Curadoria do BRICS\/CE\u00c1SIA\/UFPE\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"right\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Imagem: <\/span><\/span><a class=\"ek-link\" href=\" https:\/\/tvbrics.com\/pt\/news\/ndia-pede-a-o-concreta-do-brics-contra-as-mudan-as-clim-ticas\/\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/tvbrics.com\/pt\/news\/ndia-pede-ao-concreta-do-brics-contra-as-mudan-as-clim-ticas\/<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d3efef8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d3efef8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"has_eae_slider elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9cea2b4\" data-id=\"9cea2b4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5ec803 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5ec803\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div style=\"-webkit-user-drag: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; user-select: text; clear: both; cursor: text; overflow: visible; position: relative; direction: ltr; color: #000000;\">\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Devido aos eventos clim\u00e1ticos recentes que est\u00e3o ocorrendo em todo o mundo, como as ondas de calor, grandes secas, cheias, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do volume de chuva, a quest\u00e3o ambiental tem ganhado notoriedade na pauta dos Estados-nacionais, ainda que as respostas n\u00e3o estejam \u00e0 altura e, em muitos casos, possu\u00edam uma perspectiva reducionista em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a um problema que vai al\u00e9m da t\u00e9cnica e diz respeito, muito mais, a aspectos morais. Nesse caminho, tendo em conta esses elementos, o presente artigo pretende ser o primeiro de um conjunto de reflex\u00f5es que se prop\u00f5e a abordar as rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais, meio ambiente e o papel do BRICS diante dos avan\u00e7os e impasses relacionados \u00e0 tem\u00e1tica. Desse modo, neste primeiro momento, procura-se trazer um resumo geral sobre as discuss\u00f5es internacionais relacionadas ao assunto, bem como a ado\u00e7\u00e3o de regimes internacionais, mediados pela Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, na tentativa de dirimir os impactos pela atividade humana.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Do ponto de vista hist\u00f3rico, a quest\u00e3o ambiental se faz presente nas pautas internacionais desde a Confer\u00eancia de Estocolmo, ocorrida na Su\u00e9cia em 1972. Na realidade, esta foi a primeira vez que l\u00edderes e representantes de 113 pa\u00edses se reuniram com a finalidade de discutir as materias relacionados ao meio ambiente e \u00e0 manipula\u00e7\u00e3o ocasionada pelos modernos processos industriais. Essas preocupa\u00e7\u00f5es ficaram em segundo plano com o advento da Crise do Petr\u00f3leo (1973 e 1979) e as mudan\u00e7as dos rumores da pol\u00edtica econ\u00f4mica internacional, a ascens\u00e3o do neoliberalismo, sobretudo, no que diz respeito ao ocidente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">O caminho a ser seguido foi posto em prova, de um lado, pelos n\u00edveis de manipula\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental e mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, j\u00e1 percept\u00edveis; e por outro, pela necessidade do capital em aumentar seus lucros. Na d\u00e9cada de 1970, n\u00e3o faltaram figuras importantes, como Lewis Powell &#8211; nomeado \u00e0 Suprema Corte dos EUA, para defender que as leis, at\u00e9 ent\u00e3o determinantes, foram feitas para limitar o crescimento do capital. Sustentava, desse modo, que os capitalistas necessitavam de organiza\u00e7\u00e3o para efetivar a\u00e7\u00f5es coletivas de longo prazo, capazes de promover mudan\u00e7as legais que favorecessem a livre iniciativa e circula\u00e7\u00e3o de capital. Nesse caminho, a tentativa n\u00e3o era apenas mudar o processo econ\u00f4mico conhecido ent\u00e3o, o bem-estar social ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">welfare state<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ), mas \u201cmudar a alma\u201d das pessoas, nas palavras de Margaret Thatcher (Harvey, 2024).<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Evidentemente que as mudan\u00e7as positivas foram acompanhadas de medidas estrat\u00e9gicas para aumentar a integra\u00e7\u00e3o financeira. Os pa\u00edses centrais, direcionaram esfor\u00e7os em duas perspectivas convergentes: i) a desregulamenta\u00e7\u00e3o das leis de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ao trabalho, ao meio ambiente e ao mercado financeiro, como pontuado acima; e 2) a busca incessante por pa\u00edses que n\u00e3o possu\u00edssem um sistema jur\u00eddico forte, capaz de controlar as a\u00e7\u00f5es do capital, ou n\u00e3o tivessem interesse em cumprir este papel, conferindo subs\u00eddios para o ingresso de investimentos estrangeiros diretos em solo nacional. Afinal, o desafio da pol\u00edtica econ\u00f4mica, imposta pelos pa\u00edses centrais, desde a Segunda Guerra Mundial, consistiu em conferir a igualdade entre os Estados, mas mantendo instrumentos suficientemente capazes de garantir e consolidar a desigualdade (Souto Maior, 2003).<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Diante dessa conjuntura, forjaram um percurso inusitado por parte dos Estados-na\u00e7\u00e3o: uma tentativa de regimes conciliares internacionais de meio ambiente com a necessidade de manter o crescimento econ\u00f4mico\u00b9<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">. Dessa maneira, apesar dos esfor\u00e7os de organiza\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais, especialmente a Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas, em pa\u00edses espec\u00edficos e o fazerem assumir compromissos capazes de estimular a governan\u00e7a global em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao clima, o meio ambiente foi percebido como parte daquilo que Cervo (2000) denominou de diplomacia ornamental. Quest\u00f5es como guerra, paz e com\u00e9rcio possuem, assim como possuem, destaque central no cen\u00e1rio internacional. A quest\u00e3o ambiental era percebida, tanto pelos Estados-na\u00e7\u00e3o quanto pela grande m\u00eddia, como alarmista, sem qualquer fundamento t\u00e9cnico-cient\u00edfico.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">De todo modo, em 1988 foi criado o Painel Intergovernamental para Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas (IPCC), para subsidiar os governos com a compila\u00e7\u00e3o de estudos sobre as mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas. Em 1990, o Painel j\u00e1 reconhecia que o aquecimento global era fruto do modelo econ\u00f4mico que havia sido estabelecido duas d\u00e9cadas antes. Al\u00e9m disso, constatou que o aquecimento era provocado pela concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de gases de efeito estufa (GEEs) e que, quase 80% de todas as emiss\u00f5es diziam respeito \u00e0 queima de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis (Anuki; Agopyan, 2021).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Em 1992 se constitui o regime ambiental de mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, com a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o-Quadro das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas (UNFCCC) que ocorreu ao longo da Confer\u00eancia das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre o Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento, realizada n\u00e3o, Rio de Janeiro. De acordo com Anuki e Agopyan (2021, p. 149-150), \u201ca conven\u00e7\u00e3o tinha como objetivo primordial estabilizar a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de gases de efeito estufa na atmosfera, em um n\u00edvel que evitasse interfer\u00eancias antr\u00f3picas perigosas [&#8230;] no sistema clim\u00e1tico \u201d.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Em conformidade com as autoras, alguns aspectos n\u00e3o possibilitaram o estabelecimento de um consenso, tais quais: i) a dificuldade de controlar os GEEs, uma vez que sejam emitidos por fontes diversas; ii) as emiss\u00f5es est\u00e3o diretamente relacionadas \u00e0s atividades econ\u00f4micas centrais; iii) a diferen\u00e7a quanto aos n\u00edveis de desenvolvimento das na\u00e7\u00f5es e seu papel na emiss\u00e3o de GEEs; e iv) o desconhecimento sobre os reais impactos provocados pelas mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e o tempo que leva para que isso ocorra. O terceiro ponto provocou um dissenso maior, sobretudo, no que diz respeito \u00e0s responsabilidades assumidas por pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento e desenvolvidos.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Os pa\u00edses desenvolvidos pautaram que as responsabilidades deveriam ser iguais, o que n\u00e3o era ponto passivo entre os pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento, uma vez que a maior parte da emiss\u00e3o de gases foram emitidas pelos pa\u00edses desenvolvidos, o que justificaria a defesa do princ\u00edpio de responsabilidades comuns, mas diferenciadas ( <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Responsabilidades Comuns mas Diferenciadas &#8211; CBDR<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> ). N\u00e3o raras as vezes,\u00a0 os pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento consideraram que a n\u00e3o aceita\u00e7\u00e3o das cl\u00e1usulas por parte dos pa\u00edses desenvolvidos, implicava entrave no crescimento das na\u00e7\u00f5es em desenvolvimento (Anuki; Agopyan, 2021). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Este foi um dos fatores que fez com que a China permanecesse distante dos acordos internacionais em mat\u00e9ria ambiental. Na perspectiva chinesa, n\u00e3o haveria justificativa plaus\u00edvel para empenhar-se em reduzir seus n\u00edveis de desenvolvimento, quando os pa\u00edses desenvolvidos n\u00e3o se mostravam sens\u00edveis ao problema. Na verdade, os 10 maiores emissores concentram 76% das emiss\u00f5es. Os EUA chegaram ao topo da lista dos pa\u00edses emissores at\u00e9 2005, quando a China tomou a frente. Atualmente, este pa\u00eds encontra-se em primeiro lugar, seguido por EUA, Uni\u00e3o Europeia, \u00cdndia, R\u00fassia, Jap\u00e3o, Ir\u00e3, Indon\u00e9sia, Cor\u00e9ia do Sul e Brasil (WRI Brasil, 2022).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00c9 importante ressaltar que a China sempre teve clareza sobre os impactos do seu modelo de desenvolvimento na natureza. Contudo, o Estado chin\u00eas formula suas pol\u00edticas e direciona suas a\u00e7\u00f5es, em longo prazo. Prioridades como tirar a popula\u00e7\u00e3o da mis\u00e9ria e o combate \u00e0 fome demanda sacrif\u00edcios,\u00a0 inclusive coletivos. Em 2021, 850 milh\u00f5es de chineses haviam deixado a pobreza (Centeno, 2021).\u00a0 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">De todo modo, durante a Rio 92, foram assinados outros regimes como a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o sobre Biodiversidade, a Conven\u00e7\u00e3o de Combate \u00e0 Desertifica\u00e7\u00e3o, a Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de Princ\u00edpios sobre Florestas e a Agenda 21. Em 1997 foi firmado o Protocolo de Kyoto que entrou em vigor apenas em 2005, quase 10 anos depois, com a assinatura da R\u00fassia, uma vez que o documento inclu\u00eda a participa\u00e7\u00e3o de pelo menos 55 pa\u00edses que representam 55% das emiss\u00f5es de GEEs. Este protocolo traz uma novidade: os Cr\u00e9ditos de Carbono permitiram que os pa\u00edses menos emissores vendessem uma parcela n\u00e3o utilizada de libera\u00e7\u00e3o de GEEs na atmosfera para pa\u00edses emissores. Um instrumento criticado, visto que permitiu que os pa\u00edses emissores adiassem reformas estruturais importantes para garantir que n\u00e3o houvesse mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas (Anuki; Agopyan, 2021; Barros-Platiau; Varella; Schleicher, 2004).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">No ano 2000, a ONU lan\u00e7a os Objetivos do Mil\u00eanio (ODM), com dezoito metas a serem cumpridas e alcan\u00e7adas at\u00e9 2015, o que n\u00e3o foi bem-sucedido. Em 2012, ao longo da Rio+20, a ONU se articulou para forjar uma nova agenda, os Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel (ODS), que foram promulgados apenas em 2015, ap\u00f3s uma s\u00e9rie de consultas t\u00e9cnicas e di\u00e1logos com os pa\u00edses-membros. Ainda naquele mesmo ano, \u00e9 firmado, com grande entusiasmo, o Acordo de Paris, h\u00e1 vista haver sinaliza\u00e7\u00e3o expressa da participa\u00e7\u00e3o dos EUA e da China, apontando para um futuro colaborativo em termos de responsabilidade ambiental (Anuki; Agopyan, 2021).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Contudo, os pa\u00edses t\u00eam demonstrado dificuldade em por em pr\u00e1tica os compromissos assumidos, j\u00e1 que n\u00e3o depende \u00fanica e exclusivamente do governantes que est\u00e1 no poder, mas sim de fatores internos, tais quais: i) os pol\u00edticos que ocupam as cadeiras do legislativo; ii) os setores econ\u00f4micos que comp\u00f5em o bloco no poder; iii) a m\u00eddia; iv) a mobiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de setores da sociedade, movimentos sociais e Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es N\u00e3o-Governamentais; ev) os interesses da sociedade. Afinal, a Pol\u00edtica Externa n\u00e3o \u00e9 produto do Estado, mas de uma conjuntura que se encontra em pelo menos dois n\u00edveis, o interno e externo (Putnam, 2010).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Desde 2016, com a ascens\u00e3o da extrema direita nos EUA, foi poss\u00edvel testemunhar os ataques constantes \u00e0 ci\u00eancia e, consequentemente, as constata\u00e7\u00f5es relacionadas \u00e0s mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas e aos preju\u00edzos causados pelo modelo econ\u00f4mico vigente. Esse movimento teve repercuss\u00f5es em outros pa\u00edses do mundo, a exemplo da elei\u00e7\u00e3o de Jair Messias Bolsonaro no Brasil, em 2018, da Primeira Ministra Italiana, Giorgia Meloni, em 2022, do presidente Javier Milei, da Argentina, em 2023, sem mencionar a ascens\u00e3o de partidos de extrema direita na Europa, na Fran\u00e7a e Alemanha, especificamente. Como forma de mobilizar o sentimento nacional com a justificativa de melhorar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es sociais, deterioradas por este modelo, negligenciou-se os dados e as evid\u00eancias, al\u00e9m de estimular o desmatamento, o uso excessivo de recursos naturais n\u00e3o renov\u00e1veis, a exemplo da \u00e1gua. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Um t\u00edtulo de exemplifica\u00e7\u00e3o, em 2022, o cerrado brasileiro, bioma importante por possuir uma grande quantidade de nascentes e ser respons\u00e1vel pela forma\u00e7\u00e3o de chuvas, os chamados rios voadores, j\u00e1 havia perdido volume de \u00e1gua em 66% das regi\u00f5es hidrogr\u00e1ficas. Na ocasi\u00e3o, sete das 10 regi\u00f5es mais afetadas encontravam-se no Tocantins-Araguaia (Eduardo, 2023). Em 2018, dezesseis munic\u00edpios do cerrado maranhense foram inclu\u00eddos no semi\u00e1rido devido ao processo de desertifica\u00e7\u00e3o provocado pelo avan\u00e7o da soja (Senado, 2018; Barros; Brussio, 2024). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Certamente que os preju\u00edzos socioambientais: invas\u00e3o de terras ind\u00edgenas, quilombolas e de pequenos agricultores; apropria\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos naturais n\u00e3o renov\u00e1veis, como a \u00e1gua; a supress\u00e3o do bioma cerrado; e o estabelecimento da monocultura soj\u00edcola, n\u00e3o foram produtos de quatro anos. No entanto, o incentivo conferido pelo chefe de Estado, por meio de discursos, do desmantelamento de \u00f3rg\u00e3os de fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, da aus\u00eancia de capacidade dos munic\u00edpios de fazer exercer a lei &#8211; por omiss\u00e3o ou incapacidade financeira &#8211; e a leni\u00eancia por parte de ju\u00edzes, agravou, e muito, a situa\u00e7\u00e3o na regi\u00e3o mencionada, uma s\u00edntese do que ocorre no pa\u00eds. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Todavia, uma forma encontrada para obrigar os pa\u00edses a tomarem a\u00e7\u00f5es mais enf\u00e1ticas tem sido o estabelecimento de leis e\/ou medidas por parte de pa\u00edses ou grupos de pa\u00edses, como no caso da Uni\u00e3o Europeia e da China. A primeira tenta articular a Lei antidesmatamento que prop\u00f5e uma multa de 4% do faturamento anual aos importadores que comprarem um grupo de 7 <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">commodities<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> , dentre elas a carne bovina e a soja, provenientes de \u00e1reas de desmatamento florestal (Prazeres, 2024). H\u00e1 um esfor\u00e7o por parte de setores da sociedade, como a Articula\u00e7\u00e3o dos Povos Ind\u00edgenas do Brasil (APIB), em ampliar para \u00e1reas n\u00e3o florestais, como o cerrado (Rede Cerrado, 2024). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Por sua vez, a segunda procura direcionar seus investimentos para projetos sustent\u00e1veis. Em 2021, durante a reuni\u00e3o dos Ministros de Turismo do BRICS, foi pautada a import\u00e2ncia da reestrutura\u00e7\u00e3o da atividade tur\u00edstica, dando \u00eanfase ao Turismo Verde, \u00e0 conserva\u00e7\u00e3o dos espa\u00e7os naturais e \u00e0 prote\u00e7\u00e3o da vida selvagem (Minist\u00e9rio do Turismo, 2021). Al\u00e9m disso, no dia 30 de abril de 2024, empres\u00e1rios, pesquisadores, produtores rurais e representantes de associa\u00e7\u00f5es do agroneg\u00f3cio se reuniram para discutir sobre o percurso necess\u00e1rio para estabelecer \u201crotas para a sustentabilidade\u201d com o intuito de impedir o desmatamento e as consequentes mudan\u00e7as clim\u00e1ticas, uma vez que a China j\u00e1 identificou que estas prejudicam a produ\u00e7\u00e3o brasileira de produtos agroexportadores (Borges, 2023). <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Se faz mister ressaltar que, para al\u00e9m das rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais, a China tem promovido uma mudan\u00e7a significativa no seu sistema produtivo, na estrutura\u00e7\u00e3o de suas cidades, buscando articular o desenvolvimento com a qualidade de vida da popula\u00e7\u00e3o. Isto demonstra a preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o do governo chin\u00eas com as quest\u00f5es ambientais, tanto internamente quanto externamente.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Neste \u00ednterim, ainda que o BRICS n\u00e3o tenha formalizado um regime internacional sobre o meio ambiente, os pa\u00edses que o comp\u00f5em t\u00eam adotado de pol\u00edticas individuais ou em parcerias, como \u00e9 o caso do Brasil e da \u00cdndia, que se uniram aos EUA para lan\u00e7ar a Alian\u00e7a Global para os Biocombust\u00edveis (Moreira, 2023); a China que inicia a sua jornada como \u201cciviliza\u00e7\u00e3o ecol\u00f3gica\u201d, inclusive como proposta de sua pol\u00edtica externa; A Ar\u00e1bia Saudita, j\u00e1 pensando nos anos p\u00f3s-petr\u00f3leo, procura reestruturar sua economia baseada na atividade tur\u00edstica (Campos, 2024).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A \u00c1frica do Sul, por sua vez, apresentou em mar\u00e7o deste ano, um plano ambiental e econ\u00f4mico, ou ao menos seu princ\u00edpio. A aposta do pa\u00eds \u00e9 estimular o consumo de carne de ca\u00e7a de Ant\u00edlopes e Zebras que s\u00e3o abatidos em grandes quantidades, anualmente, pela sua r\u00e1pida reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o e grande parte dessa carne n\u00e3o \u00e9 pr\u00f3pria para o consumo humano, uma vez que n\u00e3o possui o processamento adequado (Um S\u00f3 Planeta, 2024).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A Eti\u00f3pia, desde 2019 vem implementando pr\u00e1ticas sustent\u00e1veis em sua economia, a partir da Iniciativa do Legado Verde, quando foram plantadas milh\u00f5es de mudas de \u00e1rvores na tentativa de combater o desmatamento. Al\u00e9m disso, em agosto deste ano, o Ministro de Estado do Planejamento Urbano e Infraestrutura, Wondimu Seta, enfatizou a import\u00e2ncia de o pa\u00eds fortalecer as iniciativas ambientais, inclusive no que diz respeito ao arcabou\u00e7o jur\u00eddico (Prensa Latina, 2024).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">O Egito tem buscado fortalecer sua parceria com a China, com o intuito de diversificar as fontes de energias renov\u00e1veis e verdes. Somado a isto, o pa\u00eds tem feito esfor\u00e7os para atrair investimentos para projetos relacionados ao clima. A iniciativa foi apresentada durante a 27\u00aa Confer\u00eancia das Na\u00e7\u00f5es Unidas sobre Mudan\u00e7as Clim\u00e1ticas (COP27), que ocorreu na cidade eg\u00edpcia de <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sharm El-Sheikh, em novembro de 2022 (Assi, 2022).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Nesse caminho, pode-se perceber que os pa\u00edses, de alguma forma, perceberam que uma nova etapa do capitalismo mundial ser\u00e1 pautada na perspectiva ecol\u00f3gica. Dessa forma, desbravar novos caminhos para o desenvolvimento pode coloc\u00e1-los na dianteira do sistema-mundo capitalista. Como forma de elucidar melhor as iniciativas individuais de cada pa\u00eds do BRICS, procuraremos abordar as estrat\u00e9gias que estes v\u00eam desenhando para diminuir os impactos ambientais. Para o pr\u00f3ximo texto, conheceremos um pouco mais sobre as iniciativas da China para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o da \u201csociedade ecol\u00f3gica\u201d que tem pautado suas pol\u00edticas interna e externa. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><b><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Notas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\"><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00b9 De acordo com Krasner (2012, p.1), \u201cos regimes internacionais s\u00e3o definidos como princ\u00edpios, normas, regras e procedimentos de tomada de decis\u00f5es ao redor dos quais as expectativas dos atores convergem em uma dada \u00e1rea-tema\u201d. Ver KRASNER, Stephen D. Causas Estruturais e Consequ\u00eancias dos Regimes Internacionais: Regimes como Vari\u00e1veis Intervenientes. Revista Sociologia Pol\u00edtica: Curitiba, vol. 20, n. 42, p\u00e1g. 93-110, junho de 2012.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Refer\u00eancias<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ASSI, Omar. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Egito Anuncia A\u00e7\u00e3o por Investimentos Verdes antes da COP27<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . ANBA. Publicado em 01 de agosto de 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/anba.com.br\/egito-anuncia-acao-por-investimentos-verdes-antes-da-cop27\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/anba.com.br\/egito-anuncia-acao-por-investimentos-verdes-antes-da-cop27\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 20 de julho de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">BARROS-PLATIAU, Ana Fl\u00e1via; VARELLA, Marcelo Dias; SCHLEICHER, Rafael T. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Meio Ambiente e Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : perspectivas te\u00f3ricas, respostas institucionais e novas dimens\u00f5es de debate. Rev. Brasileira de Pol\u00edtica Internacional. 47 (2): 100-130, 2004.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">BARROS, Mateus de S\u00e1 Barreto; BRUSSIO, Josenildo Campos. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Turismo Rural no Munic\u00edpio de S\u00e3o Bernardo<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : desafios, nuances e perspectivas. In.: BARROS, Mateus de S\u00e1 Barreto; BR\u00daSSIO, Josenildo Campos; SILVA, Silvana Kelly Marques; AIRES, Jussara Danielle Martins. Aracaju: Cria\u00e7\u00e3o Editora, 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">BORGES, Andr\u00e9. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Dinastia Amaz\u00f4nica<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : demanda da China sobre agroneg\u00f3cio brasileiro impacta na preserva\u00e7\u00e3o da floresta, mas tamb\u00e9m pode modelar seu futuro. \u00d3 Eco. Publicado em 28 de maio de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/oeco.org.br\/reportagens\/dinastia-amazonia\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/oeco.org.br\/reportagens\/dinastia-amazonia\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 30 de maio de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CAMPOS, Mari. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Ar\u00e1bia Saudita investe U$ 800 bi para contribui\u00e7\u00e3o o turismo (mas liberdade ainda \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : alvo constante de den\u00fancias de divulga\u00e7\u00e3o aos direitos humanos, a monarquia saudita, uma das mais severas do mundo, investe bilh\u00f5es de d\u00f3lares para ser uma pot\u00eancia no turismo e reduzir a depend\u00eancia do petr\u00f3leo. Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o Neo. Publicado em 17 de mar\u00e7o de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/neofeed.com.br\/finde\/arabia-saudita-investe-us-800-bi-para-impulsionar-o-turismo-mas-liberdade-ainda-e-uma-questao\/#:~:text=uma%20quest%C3%A3o\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/neofeed.com.br\/finde\/arabia-saudita-investe-us-800-bi-para-impulsionar-o-turismo-mas-liberdade-ainda-e -uma-questao\/#:~:text=uma%20quest%C3%A3o<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 20 de mar\u00e7o de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CENTENO, Airton. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Pesquisadora revela que a China ignorou pela m\u00eddia onde 850 milh\u00f5es deixaram a pobreza:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> Isis Maia explica como o pa\u00eds de Xi Jinping avan\u00e7a para dominar o s\u00e9culo enquanto o ocidente discute o \u201cv\u00edrus chin\u00eas\u201d. Brasil de Fato. Publicado em 27 de setembro de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brasildefato.com.br\/2021\/09\/27\/pesquisadora-revela-china-ignorada-pela-midia-onde-850-milhoes-deixaram-a-pobreza\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.brasildefato.com.br\/2021\/09\/27\/pesquisadora-revela-china-ignorada-pela-midia-onde-850-milhoes-deixaram-a -pobreza<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 12 de outubro de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">CERVO, Amado Luiz. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Sob o Signo Neoliberal<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : as rela\u00e7\u00f5es internacionais da Am\u00e9rica Latina. Revista Brasileira de Pol\u00edtica Internacional. 43 (2), p\u00e1g. 5-27, 2000. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/rbpi\/a\/T8n9bgHtg77JHByfKCNDqbN\/?lang=pt\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.scielo.br\/j\/rbpi\/a\/T8n9bgHtg77JHByfKCNDqbN\/?lang=pt<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">EDUARDO. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cerrado perde \u00e1gua em 66% das regi\u00f5es hidrogr\u00e1ficas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : sete das dez \u00e1reas protegidas mais afetadas no bioma em 2022 est\u00e3o no Tocantins-Araguaia, segundo MapBiomas \u00c1gua. \u00d3 Planeta. Publicado em 20 de fevereiro de 2023. Acesso em 10 de junho de 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/revistaplaneta.com.br\/cerrado-perde-agua-em-66-das-regioes-hidrograficas\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/revistaplaneta.com.br\/cerrado-perde-agua-em-66-das-regioes-hidrograficas\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">HARVEY, David. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Cr\u00f4nicas Anticapitalistas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : um guia para a luta de classes no s\u00e9culo XXI. S\u00e3o Paulo: Boitempo, 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">KRASNER, Stephen D. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Causas Estruturais e Consequ\u00eancias dos Regimes Internacionais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : Regimes como Vari\u00e1veis Intervenientes. Revista Sociologia Pol\u00edtica: Curitiba, vol. 20, n. 42, p\u00e1g. 93-110, junho de 2012.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">MINIST\u00c9RIO DO TURISMO. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\"><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Brasil e pa\u00edses do BRICS assinam declara\u00e7\u00e3o para atua\u00e7\u00e3o conjunta no Turismo<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Publicado em 13 de julho de 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.br\/turismo\/pt-br\/assuntos\/noticias\/brasil-e-paises-do-brics-assinam-declaracao-para-atuacao-conjunta-no-turismo\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.gov.br\/turismo\/pt-br\/assuntos\/noticias\/brasil-e-paises-do-brics-assinam-declaracao-para-atuacao-conjunta -n\u00e3o-turismo<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 20 de julho de 2021.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">MOREIRA, Assis. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Lula, Biden e Modi lan\u00e7am Alian\u00e7a Global para Biocombust\u00edveis<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Val\u00eancia. Publicado em 20 de agosto de 2023. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/valor.globo.com\/opiniao\/assis-moreira\/coluna\/brasil-india-e-eua-lancarao-alianca-global-para-os-biocombustiveis.ghtml\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/valor.globo.com\/opiniao\/assis-moreira\/coluna\/brasil-india-e-eua-lancarao-alianca-global-para-os-biocombustiveis.ghtml<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 30 de setembro de 2023.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">ONUKI, Janina; AGOPYAN, Kelly Komatsu. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Organiza\u00e7\u00f5es e Regimes Internacionais<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Curitiba: Intersaberes, 2021.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PRESEN\u00c7A LATINA. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Desenvolvimento Sustent\u00e1vel de Infraestrutura em Debate na Eti\u00f3pia<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Publicado em 27 de mar\u00e7o de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prensalatina.com.br\/2024\/03\/27\/desenvolvimento-sustentavel-de-infraestruturas-em-debate-na-etiopia\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.prensalatina.com.br\/2024\/03\/27\/desenvolvimento-sustentavel-de-infraestruturas-em-debate-na-etiopia\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 30 de junho de 2024.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">PUTNAM, Robert D. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Diplomacia e Pol\u00edtica Dom\u00e9stica<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> : a l\u00f3gica dos jogos de dois n\u00edveis. Rev. Sociologia e Pol\u00edtica. Curitiba, v. 36, p\u00e1g. 147-174, jun. 2010.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">REDE CERRADO. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Povos Ind\u00edgenas e Comunidades Tradicionais do Brasil v\u00e3o \u00e0 Europa para pedir a inclus\u00e3o do Cerrado na Regula\u00e7\u00e3o da UE<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Publicado em 12 de mar\u00e7o de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/redecerrado.org.br\/povos-indigenas-e-comunidades-tradicionais-do-brasil-vao-a-europa-para-pedir-a-inclusao-do-cerrado-na-regulacao-da-ue\/\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/redecerrado.org.br\/povos-indigenas-e-comunidades-tradicionais-do-brasil-vao-a-europa-para-pedir-a-inclusao-do -cerrado-na-regula\u00e7\u00e3o-da-ue\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 12 de mar\u00e7o de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">SENADO. Os Munic\u00edpios do Baixo Parna\u00edba Poder\u00e3o Ser Inclu\u00eddos na Regi\u00e3o do Semi\u00e1rido Nordestino. Senado Federal. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" href=\"https:\/\/www12.senado.leg.br\/noticias\/materias\/2018\/03\/14\/municipios-do-baixo-parnaiba-poderao-ser-incluidos-na-regiao-do-semiarido-nordestino\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www12.senado.leg.br\/noticias\/materias\/2018\/03\/14\/municipios-do-baixo-parnaiba-poderao-ser-incluidos-na-regiao-do-semiarido-nordestino<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acessado em 06 de abril de 2020.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\" data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">SOUTO MAIOR, Luiz AP <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">A ordem mundial e o Brasil<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Revista Brasileira de Pol\u00edtica Internacional, vol. 46, n\u00ba. 2, julho-dezembro, 2003, pp. 26-48 Instituto Brasileiro de Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Internacionais Bras\u00edlia, Brasil. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/articulo.oa?id=35846202\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.redalyc.org\/articulo.oa?id=35846202<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> .\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">UM S\u00d3 PLANETA. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Na <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">\u00c1frica do Sul, o plano ambiental e econ\u00f4mico aposta no tradicional vil\u00e3o:<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> carne. Publicado em 30 de mar\u00e7o de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/umsoplaneta.globo.com\/financas\/negocios\/noticia\/2024\/03\/30\/na-africa-do-sul-plano-ambiental-e-economico-aposta-em-tradicional-vilao-carne.ghtml\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/umsoplaneta.globo.com\/financas\/negocios\/noticia\/2024\/03\/30\/na-africa-do-sul-plano-ambiental-e-economico-aposta -em-tradicional-vilao-carne.ghtml<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 12 de maio de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: inherit; text-align: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">WRI BRASIL. <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">Os pa\u00edses que mais emitiram gases de efeito estufa<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/b><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Publicado no dia 17 de junho de 2024. Dispon\u00edvel em: <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wribrasil.org.br\/noticias\/os-paises-que-mais-emitiram-gases-de-efeito-estufa\"><span data-contrast=\"none\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\">https:\/\/www.wribrasil.org.br\/noticias\/os-paises-que-mais-emitiram-gases-de-efeito-estufa<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span data-contrast=\"auto\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"> . Acesso em 25 de julho de 2024.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-ccp-props=\"{\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Autor: Mateus de S\u00e1 Barreto Barros\u00a0 Curador Auxiliar da Curadoria do BRICS\/CE\u00c1SIA\/UFPE\u00a0 Imagem: https:\/\/tvbrics.com\/pt\/news\/ndia-pede-ao-concreta-do-brics-contra-as-mudan-as-clim-ticas\/ Devido aos eventos clim\u00e1ticos recentes que est\u00e3o ocorrendo em todo o mundo, como as ondas de calor, grandes secas, cheias, diminui\u00e7\u00e3o do volume de chuva, a quest\u00e3o ambiental tem ganhado notoriedade na pauta dos Estados-nacionais, ainda que as respostas n\u00e3o estejam [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":8547,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":0,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[3],"tags":[29,35],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8546"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/19"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=8546"}],"version-history":[{"count":85,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8546\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8640,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8546\/revisions\/8640"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/8547"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=8546"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=8546"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=8546"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}