{"id":5264,"date":"2022-01-28T07:19:07","date_gmt":"2022-01-28T10:19:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/?p=5264"},"modified":"2022-01-28T07:19:07","modified_gmt":"2022-01-28T10:19:07","slug":"noticia-o-perigo-dos-misseis-e-o-novo-posicionamento-defensivo-japones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/?p=5264","title":{"rendered":"NOT\u00cdCIA | O perigo dos m\u00edsseis e o novo posicionamento defensivo japon\u00eas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right\">Reda\u00e7\u00e3o e coment\u00e1rio cr\u00edtico: Thomas Dias Placido (<a href=\"mailto:thomasdiasplacido25@gmail.com\">thomasdiasplacido25@gmail.com<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right has-small-font-size\">Curadoria de Assuntos do Jap\u00e3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"605\" height=\"403\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/YndtcWYWolU5UPhLnEss7pQj0oXVQ1azB503pKuD-EjrDJ5Cy4MBk-8oFO5bsSupf553fCjgQ41X1rnD75C6kPvWd1Vav4qh87TXEH-j63bXYQ3bUNd7TE8XSLi_tgyuVDSZSi3_\"><strong>Figura 1:<\/strong> Um m\u00edssil hipers\u00f4nico norte-coreano \u00e9 lan\u00e7ado de um local n\u00e3o revelado no pa\u00eds no dia 5 de janeiro. <strong>Cr\u00e9ditos:<\/strong> KCNA\/ Japan Forward<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/17\/north-korea-test-fires-fourth-missile-in-a-month-reports\">Condenamos severamente<\/a> a sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es norte-coreanas, incluindo os repetidos lan\u00e7amentos de m\u00edsseis bal\u00edsticos\u00b9, que amea\u00e7am a paz e a seguran\u00e7a do Jap\u00e3o e da comunidade internacional\u201d. A seguinte fala foi proferida por Hirokazu Matsuno, secret\u00e1rio do gabinete geral do Jap\u00e3o, ap\u00f3s os recentes desdobramentos em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao crescente arsenal de m\u00edsseis norte-coreanos. Pyongyang, que at\u00e9 a presente data, j\u00e1 realizou seu <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/01\/26\/asia\/north-korea-missile-test-intl-hnk\/index.html\">sexto <\/a>lan\u00e7amento desde o come\u00e7o do ano, sinaliza, de acordo com o <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/search?keyword=Eleanor%20%20Albert\">Eleanor Albert<\/a> do <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/north-koreas-power-structure\"><em>Council on Foreign Affairs<\/em><\/a>, a disposi\u00e7\u00e3o do regime de Kim em mostrar uma de suas fontes de legitima\u00e7\u00e3o, o poder b\u00e9lico. Nesse sentido, fica claro a constante inquieta\u00e7\u00e3o das na\u00e7\u00f5es vizinhas quando se trata do aspecto geopol\u00edtico, uma vez que a pandemia de COVID-19 exacerbou as fraquezas dos Estados nacionais em setores econ\u00f4micos, culturais, pol\u00edticos e militares.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Em suas falas ministeriais, o novo primeiro-ministro Fumio Kishida destaca que \u201ca realidade<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/12\/31\/editorials\/japans-security-situation\/\"> \u00e9 a mais severa<\/a> que jamais foi\u201d indo de encontro com o que foi listado no relat\u00f3rio do parlamento das Rela\u00e7\u00f5es Exteriores de 2021, onde fatores desestabilizadores, que se tornaram \u201cmais tang\u00edveis e agudos\u201d e uma gama \u201ccada vez maior e diversificada de desafios de seguran\u00e7a\u201d s\u00e3o ecoados como avisos.. Consequentemente, 2022 se configura como um ano ainda mais dif\u00edcil que 2021 para as quest\u00f5es defensivas japonesas, onde o ambiente de seguran\u00e7a est\u00e1 crescentemente sujeito a novos perigos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Recentemente, os avan\u00e7os no desenvolvimento de m\u00edsseis, que evolu\u00edram de supers\u00f4nicos para hipers\u00f4nicos\u00b2, t\u00eam feito parte das melhorias militares de diversas na\u00e7\u00f5es. De acordo com o <em>The Economist<\/em>, comparado aos n\u00edveis de 2009, a competi\u00e7\u00e3o acerca do mercado de m\u00edsseis t\u00e1ticos na \u00c1sia cresceu consideravelmente, com pa\u00edses do Sudeste Asi\u00e1tico como Vietn\u00e3, Indon\u00e9sia, Tail\u00e2ndia e<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/philippines-confirms-purchase-of-brahmos-supersonic-missile-system\/\"> Filipinas<\/a>\u00b3 atualizando seus arsenais miss\u00edlicos. Essa mudan\u00e7a, de acordo com<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/04\/06\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/defense-missiles-u-s-north-korea-china-russia\/\"> Brad Glosserman<\/a> \u2013 conselheiro s\u00eanior no Pacific Forum \u2013, vem com uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o no <em>status quo<\/em> da regi\u00e3o asi\u00e1tica, baseada em uma \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14524729\">diplomacia arriscada<\/a>\u201d e de constantes atritos entre as economias regionais.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Em 2020, segundo um relat\u00f3rio do <a href=\"https:\/\/irp.fas.org\/threat\/missile\/bm-2020.pdf\">Comit\u00ea de An\u00e1lise de M\u00edsseis Bal\u00edsticos de Intelig\u00eancia de Defesa dos EUA<\/a>, no qual \u00e9 elucidada a l\u00f3gica por tr\u00e1s da prolifera\u00e7\u00e3o desses armamentos, os m\u00edsseis \u201cs\u00e3o vistos como armas de melhor custo-benef\u00edcio e s\u00edmbolos do poder nacional\u201d, o que os tem tornado a primeira op\u00e7\u00e3o de minist\u00e9rios de defesa ao redor do mundo, especialmente em Moscou, Pequim e Pyongyang. Assim, com a tecnologia se tornando mais barata e acurada, a moderniza\u00e7\u00e3o e a amplia\u00e7\u00e3o dos invent\u00e1rios de m\u00edsseis globais crescem expressivamente, com armas mais r\u00e1pidas, confi\u00e1veis e com maior mobilidade \u2013 alcan\u00e7ando dist\u00e2ncias intercontinentais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/HHD04LDw0nWww9iQLsfZ8L00AH-fVo0rcHgBSStKxHdEso7iUF1jGVWAOVfRmasd-ksiK5B_haDNJjCv6w5ct9EvDUPyiqbr38OS1Ibq_DhGR-xoRrazCSf22TPhP8yZkEYH_ZDM\" width=\"605\" height=\"327\"><strong>Figura 2:<\/strong> Uma s\u00e9rie de foguetes s\u00e3o lan\u00e7ados de uma base terrestre. <strong>Cr\u00e9ditos:<\/strong> Missile Dialogue Initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Nesse clima vol\u00e1til, o Jap\u00e3o encara, al\u00e9m da Coreia do Norte \u2013 onde os m\u00edsseis testados caem muito perto de sua costa banhada pelo Mar do Leste \u2013, uma China em expans\u00e3o, sobretudo em rela\u00e7\u00e3o<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2021\/12\/23\/national\/taiwan-contingency\/\"> \u00e0s ilhas Senkaku e Ishigaki<\/a>\u2074. Em um artigo do<a href=\"https:\/\/missilethreat.csis.org\/country\/china\/\"> think tank<\/a> <em>Missile Defense Project <\/em>do<em> CSIS, <\/em>a China \u00e9 creditada com \u201co programa de desenvolvimento de m\u00edsseis mais ativo e diversificado do mundo\u201d. Para agravar a situa\u00e7\u00e3o, em um texto para o peri\u00f3dico <em>Nikkei Asia<\/em>, o comentarista Hiroyuki Akita enfatiza <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Spotlight\/Comment\/How-to-defend-weak-Japan-A-bitter-national-security-reality\">o poder desproporcional do ex\u00e9rcito chin\u00eas<\/a>, que possui 3,7 vezes mais ca\u00e7as modernos que o Jap\u00e3o, bem como 1,5 vezes mais navios de combate e 2,5 vezes mais submarinos. Quando se trata do Comando Indo-Pac\u00edfico dos EUA, Hiroyuki aponta para um n\u00famero 5,6 vezes maior do que os estadunidenses, mostrando o poder robusto de Pequim, que investe 4 vezes mais que o Estado japon\u00eas em seu or\u00e7amento militar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"https:\/\/lh3.googleusercontent.com\/X72PKo7FRv-bjoOwEdFV95n3edgVUnchnwjvkJw0bCXdTpp4zDuLtvncCYdDQNkakOm_A1YeB_DIB6D0MleQYnu_IKCUozys2Sd9qY3LgAPn6RMmvCaIH4Acn50qmdjK5uHh8R_D\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><strong>Figura 4: <\/strong>Amostra do poderio de m\u00edsseis chineses. <strong>Cr\u00e9ditos:<\/strong> Missile Defense Project<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Tal inc\u00f4modo tem levado o governo japon\u00eas a repensar suas estrat\u00e9gias militares, principalmente sob o governo de Shinzo Abe. A terra do sol nascente atesta no artigo 9\u00b0 de sua constitui\u00e7\u00e3o que \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.br.emb-japan.go.jp\/cultura\/constituicao.html\">o povo japon\u00eas renuncia para sempre o uso da guerra como direito soberano da na\u00e7\u00e3o ou a amea\u00e7a e uso da for\u00e7a como meio de se resolver disputas internacionais<\/a>\u201d, m\u00e1xima que permitiu o pa\u00eds permanecer na linha defensiva por mais de 75 anos, at\u00e9 os dias atuais. Entretanto, visto a atmosfera inst\u00e1vel da vizinhan\u00e7a, a administra\u00e7\u00e3o nip\u00f4nica prev\u00ea a necessidade de desviar do caminho da Carta Magna, adotando medidas ofensivas para<a href=\"https:\/\/japan-forward.com\/editorial-defense-upgrades-urgently-needed-after-latest-north-korean-missile-launches\/\"> atingir bases inimigas<\/a> e at\u00e9 mesmo o desenvolvimento de armas<a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-set-to-develop-railguns-to-counter-hypersonic-missiles\"> eletromagn\u00e9ticas<\/a>\u2075.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Em 24 de dezembro de 2021, o gabinete do premi\u00ea japon\u00eas aprovou o maior or\u00e7amento de defesa dos \u00faltimos anos, sendo o oitavo aumento seguido. Nesse quesito, o valor de<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2021\/12\/japan-approves-record-defense-budget-for-fiscal-year-2022\/\"> 5.4 trilh\u00f5es de ienes<\/a> (US$47.2 bilh\u00f5es) para o ano fiscal de 2022 servir\u00e1 para assegurar os projetos j\u00e1 em andamento &#8211; como <a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2022\/01\/17\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/japan-cyber-security\/\">recursos de ciberseguran\u00e7a<\/a> e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/06\/national\/japan-space-defense\/\">espaciais<\/a>, aumentar a pesquisa militar e <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14527047\">intensificar as alian\u00e7as<\/a> com atores regionais. O aumento hist\u00f3rico no gasto militar ultrapassa virtualmente a marca tradicional de <a href=\"https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2021-11-27\/Japan-s-defense-budget-exceeds-6-trillion-yen-for-the-first-time-15x2E922mE8\/index.html\">1% do PIB<\/a>\u2076 usado para o setor, chegando a 1,09% pontos percentuais. Al\u00e9m disso, a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/12\/asia-pacific\/north-korea-missile-maneuverability-japan\/?utm_source=pianoT5&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=295&amp;pnespid=q_KJydVc7bfEorKwpk_3p_AN_EAaqTVrgQcmFk8_7UWVKsxgFfMVi6GOHw7hC8.SK3P.HA\"> postura estrat\u00e9gica de T\u00f3quio<\/a> antecipa altera\u00e7\u00f5es, pela primeira vez, na Estrat\u00e9gia de Seguran\u00e7a Nacional, anunciada em 2013, assim como a revis\u00e3o das Diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Defesa, que detalham as pol\u00edticas defensivas a serem adotadas em um per\u00edodo de 10 anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/lh5.googleusercontent.com\/QnsVs8MHrJuzxk0jpy1Aqt1LJhAaW71PalZ6G6ApEu9EFDYMSkJHO3Y819zae6ayQA8Ik6refg-lWNbalzvlyWof9pyW2hmcBlEgtgLjSScnMlYIwwGv6AjMILOxszi2RAAWsL3R\" width=\"605\" height=\"709.0043950080872\"><strong>Figura 4:<\/strong> Um m\u00edssil SM-3 \u00e9 lan\u00e7ado pelo contratorpedeiro JS Kirishima, da For\u00e7a de Autodefesa Mar\u00edtima do Jap\u00e3o. <strong>Cr\u00e9ditos:<\/strong> Marinha dos EUA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Ademais, China e Coreia do Norte possuem um arse\u00a0nal de mais de<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/japans-north-korea-missile-woes\/\"> 1 mil m\u00edsseis bal\u00edsticos<\/a>, com Pyongyang j\u00e1 tendo lan\u00e7ado 40 proj\u00e9teis desde 2019. Fatores tecnol\u00f3gicos e geopol\u00edticos t\u00eam<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/topics\/defense-and-security\/missile-defense\"> incentivado o aumento da oferta e demanda<\/a> global por armas de alta velocidade, n\u00e3o tripuladas, baseadas em m\u00edsseis e seus correspondentes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14496340\">Como resultado dessa altera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u2077,\u00a0 o Jap\u00e3o se encontra em uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o cr\u00edtica, entre atender aos requisitos do inst\u00e1vel s\u00e9culo XXI ou manter uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o atribu\u00edda \u00e0 realidade de sete d\u00e9cadas atr\u00e1s. Como supracitado, a \u00c1sia vem criando progressivamente<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/blogs\/research-paper\/2021\/04\/missiles-asia\"> ambientes de seguran\u00e7a regional complexos<\/a>, que colocam o poder executivo do Jap\u00e3o em um <a href=\"https:\/\/diplomatique.org.br\/ameaca-a-constituicao-pacifista\/\">impasse <\/a>acerca de seu posicionamento b\u00e9lico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Mesmo que a pol\u00edtica defensiva tenha de ser estrategicamente flex\u00edvel \u00e0s altera\u00e7\u00f5es no ambiente de seguran\u00e7a nacional, uma mudan\u00e7a s\u00fabita&nbsp; no or\u00e7amento pode causar desconforto \u00e0s na\u00e7\u00f5es vizinhas, acelerando uma poss\u00edvel corrida armamentista.&nbsp; Assim, \u00e9 tempo de comparar perspectivas e contrastar propostas, analisar os custos e riscos de se projetar regionalmente ao enfrentar o impasse dos m\u00edsseis, levando em considera\u00e7\u00e3o seu impacto na seguran\u00e7a em&nbsp; \u00e2mbito internacional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1] M\u00edssil com uma trajet\u00f3ria de arco alto, que inicialmente \u00e9 propulsionado e guiado, mas cai sob a gravidade em seu alvo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2] Um<a href=\"https:\/\/partyardmilitary.com\/hypersonic-missiles-what-are-they-and-can-they-be-stopped\/\"> m\u00edssil hipers\u00f4nico<\/a> viaja a velocidades de Mach 5 e superiores &#8211; cinco vezes mais r\u00e1pido que a velocidade do som (3.836 milhas), que \u00e9 cerca de 1 milha por segundo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3] As Filipinas anunciaram, no dia 14\/02 de 2022, a compra do sistema de m\u00edsseis de cruzeiro supers\u00f4nicos mais sofisticado do mundo da Brahmos Aerospace, empresa <em>joint-venture<\/em> entre R\u00fassia e \u00cdndia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4] A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/16\/world\/asia\/ishigaki-japan-missiles-taiwan.html\">ilha de Ishigaki<\/a> tem sido o centro de interesse japon\u00eas pela proximidade com Taiwan e das ilhas Senkaku (controladas pelo governo japon\u00eas, mas reivindicadas por Pequim).Apesar de ser considerada um para\u00edso tropical, o Jap\u00e3o planeja implementar unidades de m\u00edsseis t\u00e1ticos para conter a presen\u00e7a chinesa nos entornos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]<a href=\"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/technology\/japan-to-develop-railguns-for-defense\/\"> Armas<\/a> anti-m\u00edsseis hipers\u00f4nicos que lan\u00e7am proj\u00e9teis a uma velocidade de 4.470 milhas, podendo alcan\u00e7ar o Mach 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]&nbsp; O or\u00e7amento \u00e9 baseado em um sistema anual de gastos que chegam ao valor de JP\u00a56,11 trilh\u00f5es (US$53,2 bilh\u00f5es). Assim, o valor \u00e9 calculado incluindo o or\u00e7amento do ano fiscal de 2022 (JP\u00a55,4 trilh\u00f5es), que come\u00e7a em abril, adicionado a um <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-s-5-year-defense-budget-to-hit-record-264bn\">plano or\u00e7amental suplementar<\/a> de 2021 que totaliza JP\u00a5773,8 bilh\u00f5es (US$6,7 bilh\u00f5es).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[7]&nbsp; Segundo o site de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o <em>Global Firepower<\/em>, em 2021, o Jap\u00e3o foi classificado em quinto no <em>ranking <\/em>global de poder militar, com o seu or\u00e7amento ocupando o sexto lugar entre 140 pa\u00edses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>REFER\u00caNCIAS<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ALBERT, Eleanor. <strong>North Korea\u2019s Power Structure.<\/strong><strong> <\/strong>2020. Dispon\u00edvel em:<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/north-koreas-power-structure\">https:\/\/www.cfr.org\/backgrounder\/north-koreas-power-structure<\/a><strong>. <\/strong>Acesso em: 20 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ATHERTON, Kelsey. <strong>Why Japan is betting on railguns for missile defense.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/technology\/japan-to-develop-railguns-for-defense\/\"> https:\/\/www.popsci.com\/technology\/japan-to-develop-railguns-for-defense\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 18 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CGTN. <strong>Japan&#8217;s defense budget exceeds 6 trillion yen for the first time<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2021-11-27\/Japan-s-defense-budget-exceeds-6-trillion-yen-for-the-first-time-15x2E922mE8\/index.html\">https:\/\/news.cgtn.com\/news\/2021-11-27\/Japan-s-defense-budget-exceeds-6-trillion-yen-for-the-first-time-15x2E922mE8\/index.html<\/a>. Acesso em: 20 dez. 2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CNN. <strong>N<\/strong><strong>orth Korea conducts what could be its 6th missile test this month, South Korea says. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/01\/26\/asia\/north-korea-missile-test-intl-hnk\/index.html\">https:\/\/edition.cnn.com\/2022\/01\/26\/asia\/north-korea-missile-test-intl-hnk\/index.html<\/a>. Acesso em: 27 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DOMINGUEZ, Gabriel. <strong>As space race escalates, Japan bolster defense capabilities in new domains.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/06\/national\/japan-space-defense\/\"> https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/06\/national\/japan-space-defense\/<\/a> Acesso em: 6 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DOOLEY, Ben. <strong>The Island Paradise Near the Front Line of Tensions Over Taiwan.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/16\/world\/asia\/ishigaki-japan-missiles-taiwan.html\"> https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/12\/16\/world\/asia\/ishigaki-japan-missiles-taiwan.html<\/a>. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EDITORIAL BOARD, The Sankei Shimbun.<strong> Defense Upgrades Urgently Needed After Latest North Korean Missile Launches.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/japan-forward.com\/editorial-defense-upgrades-urgently-needed-after-latest-north-korean-missile-launches\/\"> https:\/\/japan-forward.com\/editorial-defense-upgrades-urgently-needed-after-latest-north-korean-missile-launches\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EDITORIAL. <strong>2022 will be a critical year for Japan\u2019s security. <\/strong>2022.<strong> <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/12\/31\/editorials\/japans-security-situation\/\"><strong> <\/strong>https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/12\/31\/editorials\/japans-security-situation\/<\/a>.Acesso em: 2 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>EMBAIXADA DO JAP\u00c3O. <strong>A Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o do Jap\u00e3o.<\/strong> 2012.<strong> <\/strong>Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.br.emb-japan.go.jp\/cultura\/constituicao.html\"><strong> <\/strong>https:\/\/www.br.emb-japan.go.jp\/cultura\/constituicao.html<\/a>.<strong> <\/strong>Acesso em: 25 dez. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>GLOSSERMAN, Brad. <strong>Asia &#8216;s growing missile arsenals demand a response. <\/strong>2021<strong>.<\/strong> Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/04\/06\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/defense-missiles-u-s-north-korea-china-russia\/.Acesso\">https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2021\/04\/06\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/defense-missiles-u-s-north-korea-china-russia\/.<\/a>Acesso em: 31 dez. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>HIROYUKI, Akita. <strong>How to defend weak Japan: A bitter national security reality.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Spotlight\/Comment\/How-to-defend-weak-Japan-A-bitter-national-security-reality\"> https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Spotlight\/Comment\/How-to-defend-weak-Japan-A-bitter-national-security-reality<\/a>. Acesso em: 10 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>JOHNSON, Jesse. <strong>North Korea&#8217;s maneuverable &#8216;hypersonic&#8217; missiles leave Japan in a bind. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/12\/asia-pacific\/north-korea-missile-maneuverability-japan\/?utm_source=pianoT5&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=295&amp;pnespid=q_KJydVc7bfEorKwpk_3p_AN_EAaqTVrgQcmFk8_7UWVKsxgFfMVi6GOHw7hC8.SK3P.HA\"> https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2022\/01\/12\/asia-pacific\/north-korea-missile-maneuverability-japan\/?utm_source=pianoT5&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_campaign=295&amp;pnespid=q_KJydVc7bfEorKwpk_3p_AN_EAaqTVrgQcmFk8_7UWVKsxgFfMVi6GOHw7hC8.SK3P.HA<\/a>. Acesso em: 12 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KYODO. <strong>Japan and U.S. draft operation plan for Taiwan contingency. <\/strong>2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2021\/12\/23\/national\/taiwan-contingency\/\"><strong> <\/strong>https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/news\/2021\/12\/23\/national\/taiwan-contingency\/<\/a><strong>. <\/strong>Acesso em: 30 dez. 2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>KATSUMATA, Makoto. <strong>Amea\u00e7a \u00e0 Constitui\u00e7\u00e3o pacifista.<\/strong> 2015. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/diplomatique.org.br\/ameaca-a-constituicao-pacifista\/\">https:\/\/diplomatique.org.br\/ameaca-a-constituicao-pacifista\/<\/a>. Acesso em 27 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MCCURRY, Justin. <strong>Japan condemns North Korea after it conducts fourth missile test in a month. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/17\/north-korea-test-fires-fourth-missile-in-a-month-reports\"> https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/17\/north-korea-test-fires-fourth-missile-in-a-month-reports<\/a>. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MISSILE DEFENSE PROJECT. <strong>Defense and Security: Missile Defense.<\/strong> Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.csis.org\/topics\/defense-and-security\/missile-defense\"> https:\/\/www.csis.org\/topics\/defense-and-security\/missile-defense<\/a>. Acesso em: 15 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MISSILE DEFENSE PROJECT. <strong>Missiles of China,&#8221; <\/strong><strong><em>Missile Threat<\/em><\/strong><strong>, Center for Strategic and International Studies.<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/missilethreat.csis.org\/country\/china\/\"> https:\/\/missilethreat.csis.org\/country\/china\/<\/a>. Acesso em:13 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MURAI, Jun. <strong>Why cyber defense in Japan is so unreliable. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2022\/01\/17\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/japan-cyber-security\/\"> https:\/\/www.japantimes.co.jp\/opinion\/2022\/01\/17\/commentary\/japan-commentary\/japan-cyber-security\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 18 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NIKKEI STAFF. <strong>Japan set to develop railguns to counter hypersonic missiles.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-set-to-develop-railguns-to-counter-hypersonic-missiles\">https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-set-to-develop-railguns-to-counter-hypersonic-missiles<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Acesso em: 5 jan. 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>NIKKEI STAFF.<strong> <\/strong><strong>Japan&#8217;s 5-year defense budget to hit record $264bn.<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-s-5-year-defense-budget-to-hit-record-264bn\">https:\/\/asia.nikkei.com\/Politics\/Japan-s-5-year-defense-budget-to-hit-record-264bn<\/a>. Acesso em: 28 dez. 2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PARTYARD MILITARY. <strong>Hypersonic missiles: What are they and can they be stopped?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2019. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/partyardmilitary.com\/hypersonic-missiles-what-are-they-and-can-they-be-stopped\/\"> https:\/\/partyardmilitary.com\/hypersonic-missiles-what-are-they-and-can-they-be-stopped\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 18 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>REUTERS. <strong>North Korea fires railway-borne missiles in third weapons test this month. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/14\/north-korea-fires-railway-borne-missiles-in-third-weapons-test-this-month\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2022\/jan\/14\/north-korea-fires-railway-borne-missiles-in-third-weapons-test-this-month<\/a>. Acesso em: 14 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>REUTERS.<strong> <\/strong><strong>Security cooperation, China to dominate Biden\u2019s talks with Japan\u2019s Kishida.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14527047\"> https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14527047<\/a>. Acesso em: 21 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SANTORO, David; GLOSSERMAN, Brad. <strong>Time for a reckoning: missiles have flown under the radar for too long in Asia.<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/blogs\/research-paper\/2021\/04\/missiles-asia\"> https:\/\/www.iiss.org\/blogs\/research-paper\/2021\/04\/missiles-asia<\/a>. Acesso em: 1 jan. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>SIRIPALA, Thisanka. <strong>Japan\u2019s North Korea Missile Woes.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/japans-north-korea-missile-woes\/\"> https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/japans-north-korea-missile-woes\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 17 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>STRANGIO, Sebastian. <strong>Philippines Confirms Purchase of BrahMos Supersonic Missile System. <\/strong>2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/philippines-confirms-purchase-of-brahmos-supersonic-missile-system\/\"><strong> <\/strong>https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/01\/philippines-confirms-purchase-of-brahmos-supersonic-missile-system\/<\/a>.Acesso em: 15 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>TAKAHASHI, Kosuke.<strong> Japan Approves Record Defense Budget for Fiscal Year 2022.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2021. Dispon\u00edvel em: <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2021\/12\/japan-approves-record-defense-budget-for-fiscal-year-2022\/\">&nbsp;https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2021\/12\/japan-approves-record-defense-budget-for-fiscal-year-2022\/<\/a>. Acesso em: 31 dez. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. <strong>Japan\u2019s military, among world\u2019s strongest, looks to build.<\/strong> 2021. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14496340\">https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14496340<\/a>. Acesso em: 7 dez. 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>THE ASSOCIATED PRESS. <strong>North Korean missile tests signal return to brinkmanship.<\/strong> 2022. Dispon\u00edvel em:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14524729\"> https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14524729<\/a>. Acesso em: 18 jan. 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Reda\u00e7\u00e3o e coment\u00e1rio cr\u00edtico: Thomas Dias Placido (thomasdiasplacido25@gmail.com) Curadoria de Assuntos do Jap\u00e3o Figura 1: Um m\u00edssil hipers\u00f4nico norte-coreano \u00e9 lan\u00e7ado de um local n\u00e3o revelado no pa\u00eds no dia 5 de janeiro. Cr\u00e9ditos: KCNA\/ Japan Forward \u201cCondenamos severamente a sequ\u00eancia de a\u00e7\u00f5es norte-coreanas, incluindo os repetidos lan\u00e7amentos de m\u00edsseis bal\u00edsticos\u00b9, que amea\u00e7am a paz [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_editorskit_title_hidden":false,"_editorskit_reading_time":7,"_editorskit_is_block_options_detached":false,"_editorskit_block_options_position":"{}","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[16,20],"tags":[40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5264"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=5264"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5264\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5266,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5264\/revisions\/5266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/5265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=5264"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=5264"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ceasiaufpe.com.br\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=5264"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}